SYLLABUS

Unit 1

1. Characteristics of the Indian Constitution

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2. Special Emphasis shall be placed on

(A) Federal Structure and

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(B) Form of Government.

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(C) Preamble and Basic Features of Indian Constitutions.

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3. Provisions concerning Citizenship

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Unit 2

1. Union Parliament: Organization,

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Procedure regarding Enactment of Legislation,

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Parliamentary Privileges.

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2. Union Executive: The President, his Powers and Position including Ordinance Making Power.

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3. Prime Minister and the Cabinet

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4. Union Judiciary: Supreme Court of India - Composition, Powers and Jurisdiction

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Unit 3

1. Distribution of Legislative Powers between the Union and the States

2. Territorial and Topical Distribution of Powers

3. Power of Parliament to Legislate on State Matters

4. Doctrines: Doctrine of Territorial Nexus, Doctrine of Pith and Substance, and Doctrine of Colourable Legislation.

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Unit 4

Emergency Provisions,

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Amendment of Constitution,

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Doctrine of Basic Structure,

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Contractual and Tortious liability of State, and

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Freedom of Interstate Trade & Commerce 

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Unit 5

Election Commission,

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Finance Commission,

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Comptroller and Auditor General,

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Attorney General of India,

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Public Service Commission,

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National Commission for SC and ST,

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Inter-State River Dispute Resolution Tribunals,

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Central and State Service Tribunals.

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Unit 1

1. Meaning and Nature of Contract,

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E- contract

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2. Offer/ Proposal: Definition, General/Specific offer,

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Acceptance: Definition, Provisional acceptance, Tenders/Auctions 

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Communication, Revocation,

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Unit 2

Consideration: Definition, Essentials,

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Exception under Section 25,

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Privity of Contract,

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Capacity to enter into a contract; Minor’s Position, Nature/effect of minor’s agreements

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Unit 3

1. Free Consent

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2. Coercion,

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Undue influence,

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Fraud,

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Misrepresentation,

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Mistake

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3. Unlawful consideration and object

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4. Effect of void, voidable, valid, illegal, unlawful and uncertain agreements/contracts 

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5. Discharge of Contracts 

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6. Performance 

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7. Time and Place of performance

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8. Agreement, Contract Deed

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9. Impossibility of performance and frustration

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10. Breach: Anticipatory & Present

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Unit 4

1. Remedies: Damages, Kind of damages, Remoteness of damages etc.,

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Quantum Meriut,

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Specific Performance,

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Injunction

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2. Quasi Contract (Section 68-72)

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Unit 1

1. Outlines of Sources of Hindu Law and

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Schools of Hindu Law

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2. Hindu Law and Gender Equality: Women's rights and LGBTQ+ rights

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3. Marriage: Essentials of a Valid Marriage,

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Void and Voidable Marriage Under the Hindu Marriage Act 1955

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Additional Materials

1. Divorce

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2. Restitution of Conjugal Rights and Judicial Separation

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Unit 2

1. Maintenance under Hindu Marriage Act (Section 24-25)

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2. Maintenance Under Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 (Sections 18,19 & 20)

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3. Adoption: Essential & Effect (Section 6 to 12 of HAMA,1956)

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4. Kinds and Powers of Guardian under Hindu Minority & Guardianship Act, 1956 (Sec.6-13)

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Unit 3

Origin, Nature of joint family and Coparcenary, characteristic features of coparcenary, distinction between Coparcenary and Joint Family,

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Classification of property: obstructed and unobstructed heritage, Joint family property and separate property, Karta: Powers and functions

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Unit 4

1. Law of Partition and Re-Union: Nature of Partition, Partition how Affected and Reopened, Subject Matter of Partition, Reunion

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2. Law of Succession Under Hindu Succession Act 1956 and Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005

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Additional Materials

1. Gift

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2. Testamentary Succession (Will)

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Unit 1

1. Principle of Mens rea & Actus reus

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2. Crime: Meaning, Concept, Elements, Importance

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3. Stages of Crime and Theories of Commission of Crime

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4. Definition Clause (Section 2)

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5. Organised Crime (Section 111)

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6. Petty Organised Crime (Sec 112)

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7. Crime of Terrorism and Terrorist Act (Sec 113)

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8. Punishment- Definition, Kinds, Theories

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Unit 2: General Exceptions:

1. Mistake of Fact and Mistake of Law, Superior Order, Action in pursuance of a legal obligation, Accident

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Young age, Unsoundness of mind, Intoxication (Voluntary and involuntary), Misconception of Fact, Trifling Acts, Communication made in good faith

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2. Private Defence: Meaning, Object and Significance

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Unit 3: Joint and Constructive Liability

1. Common Intention (Sec 3(5) to (9))

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2. Common Object (Sec 190)

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3. Rioting (Sec 191)

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4. Affray (Sec 194)

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5. Promoting enmity between different groups (Sec 196)

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6. Act endangering the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India (Sec 152)

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Unit 4: Offences Against Women and Children

Rape, Gang Rape,

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Sexual Harassment, Voyeurism and Stalking

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Unit 5: Offences Affecting the Human Body

Culpable Homicide, Murder,

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Causing Death by Negligence,

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Mob lynching,

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Hurt and Grievous Hurt,

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Wrongful Restraint and Wrongful Confinement,

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Criminal Force, Assault, Outraging the Modesty of Woman,

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Kidnapping and Abduction, Trafficking of Persons;

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Unit 6: Offences against Property

Theft, Extortion, Robbery, Dacoity,

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Criminal Misappropriation, Dishonest Misappropriation of Property, Criminal Breach of Trust,

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Cheating, Cheating by Personation,

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Mischief,

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Criminal Trespass,

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UNIT- 1

1. Nature and Definition of Tort various definitions of tort, nature of tort, essentials of a tort, and mental elements in tortious liability.

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2. Joint and several tort feasors

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3. Tort distinguished from crime and contract

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Additional Materials

1. General Defences in Tort

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UNIT-2: Tort relating to property:

1. Trespass,

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Nuisance,

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Trespass to land and goods.

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2. Defamation,

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Detinue,

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Conversion.

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3. Negligence, 

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Res ipsa loquitor,

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Contributory negligence,

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Strict liability or

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Liability without fault and its applicability under the Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Act-2019.

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UNIT-3

Motor vehicle accident: motor vehicle, Driving licence, vehicle registration

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Regulation of safety measures in construction and maintenance of vehicles, road.

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UNIT-4

1. Need for Consumer Protection and Consumerism

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2. Doctrine of Caveat Emptor

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3. Consumer Protection Doctrine of Negligence

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4. Important Facts of Consumer Protection Act 2019. and the relationship of the Act with other consumer protection Legislation

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Additional Materials

1. Remoteness of Damages

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2. Rule of Absolute Liability

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3. Vicarious Liability

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4. Malicious Prosecution

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Short Answer Type Question

(5 Marks)

Question-1 Describe the characteristics of the Indian Constitution with special emphasis on its federal structure.

Question-2 What are the various provisions for acquiring citizenship in India? Does India allow dual citizenship? Explain.

Question-3 How is freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse dealt with in the Indian Constitution? Explain.

Question-4 Write a detailed short note on the Election Commission. Explain its functions.

Question-5 Define the contractual and tortious liability of the State according to the Indian Constitution.

Question-6 Explain the doctrine of pith and substance.

Question-7 Explain the doctrine of colourable legislation.

Question-8 What are the privileges given to the members of the Parliament? Describe the circumstances under which they cannot be arrested.

Question-9  Discuss the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

Question-10 Explain the powers of the President and parliament to create tribunals in case of dispute between the Centre and the State.

Long Answer Type Question

(15 Marks)

Question-1 How is the provision of emergency dealt with in the Indian Constitution? Explain the types of emergencies in the Indian Constitution.

Question-2 What is the procedure of amendment under the Indian Constitution? Can the basic structure of the Constitution be amended? Explain with relevant cases.

Question-3 Discuss legislative relations between the Centre and the State. Can Centre make laws on subjects enumerated in State list? Discuss.

Question-4 Explain the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in detail. Can it give advice to the president, and whether it is mandatory or not? Discuss.

Question-5 Explain the powers of the President with special emphasis on its ordinance-making power. Also, discuss its validity.

Question-6 How is the Prime Minister appointed in India? Describe its powers and terms of office in case he/she is elected from two constituencies.

Question-7 "Preamble is identity card of the Constitution" - NA Palkhiwala. Discuss importance of Preamble highlighting the statement. Also, state whether it can be amended or not.

Short Answer Type Question

(5 Marks)

Question-1 Explain anticipatory breach of contract. What are the rights and obligations of parties in such cases. Discuss.

Question-2 Explain the law relating to contract with minor, highlighting the importance of Mohiri Bibi v. Dharmodas Ghosh case.

Question-3 What are unlawful objects and considerations in a contract? Explain.

Question-4 Explain invitation to offer.

Question-5 What is mistake? Is there any difference between mistake of fact and mistake of law? Explain.

Question-6 What is an offer? Explain its essentials.

Question-7 "Agreements by way of wager is void". Explain.

Question-8 What are void agreements. Is there any difference between void and voidable agreement? Explain.

Question-9 "Contract cannot be created unless there is an intention to do so". Explain the validity of statement.

Question-10 How are parties to contract be discharged from their liability? Explain.

Long Answer Type Question

(15 Marks)

Question-1 WHat are Quasi Contract? Is there any obligation to reimburse the advantage taken out of gratuitous nature? Explain.

Question-2 "An agreement made without consideration is void". Explain consideration and its exceptions in light of the given statement.

Question-3 Explain the object and significance of injunctions. Also discuss various types of injunctions as given in the Specific Relief Act.

Question-4 Define acceptance. State its essentials and explain the law relating to revocation of proposal and acceptance.

Question-5 "All contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not contracts". Highlighting the importance of the statement, discuss the elements which make an agreement a contract.

Question-6 What are the different types of damages given in Indian Contract Act, 1872. Explain with the help of relevant cases.

Question-7 Explain the provision related to the impossibility of performing the contract. Discuss with the relevant case.

Short Answer Type Question

(5 Marks)

Question-1 Discuss the various schools of Hindu law.

Question-2 Every human being has a right to live with dignity. With reference to the statement, explain LGBTQ+ rights.

Question-3 Explain the concept of sapinda relationship in Hindu law.

Question-4 Who is Karta? Discuss the powers of the Karta.

Question-5 Discuss the reunion after partition.

Question-6 Discuss the difference between obstructed and unobstructed heritage.

Question-7 Write a short note on certified guardians.

Question-8 Write the general rule of succession in the case of female Hindus. Explain it with reference to the Hindu Succession Act, 2005.

Question-9 Write a short note on coparcenary property. Explain the rights of a coparcener.

Question-10 In what circumstances is a wife entitled to separate residence and maintenance from her husband under the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956? Explain.

Long Answer Type Question

(15 Marks)

Question-1 What are the various sources of Hindu law? Discuss the importance of customs and legislation as a source of Hindu law.

Question-2 What are the requisites of a valid marriage under Section 5 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1956? Discuss the validity of marriage in case these conditions are not fulfilled.

Question-3 What are the various kinds of guardians under the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956?

Question-4 What are the general rules of succession in case a person dies intestate? Explain with examples.

Question-5 What are the various laws related to adoption under the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956? Can a male adopt a female? If yes, explain conditions.

Question-6 Explain different grounds of divorce as discussed in the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. Can a husband and wife be mutually separated? Discuss in detail.

Question-7 Who can demand maintenance under the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956? Are there any exceptions to the general law? Explain.

Short Answer Type Question

(5 Marks)

Question-1 What do you understand by organised crime? Also discuss petty organised crime.

Question-2 Explain the difference between wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement.

Question-3 What do you understand by terrorism, and what acts are considered as terrorist acts under Section 113 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023?

Question-4 Explain different kinds and theories of punishment as applicable to the Indian criminal justice system.

Question-5 What is mob lynching? Explain.

Question-6 Write the difference between hurt and grievous hurt.

Question-7 State the difference between criminal breach of trust and dishonest misappropriation of property.

Question-8 Explain the offence related to outraging the modesty of a woman.

Question-9 How is intoxication and unsoundness of mind taken as a defence to absolve from criminal liability? Discuss.

Question-10 What is unlawful assembly? Discuss its elements in detail.

Long Answer Type Question

(15 Marks)

Question-1 Illustrate the provisions related to rights of private defence as given in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.

Question-2 What is culpable homicide? Explain circumstances in which culpable homicide amounts to murder.

Question-3 "Actus non facit reum nisi men sit rea". Explain the given maxim and discuss important elements of crime.

Question-4 What is kidnapping? Explain the difference between kidnapping and rioting.

Question-5 What is criminal trespass? How is it different from lurking house trespass?

Question-6 What is theft? What are its essential elements? When does theft and extortion become robbery? Discuss.

Question-7 What is rape? Explain provisions related to the punishment of rape and gang rape.

Short Answer Type Question

(5 Marks)

Question-1 Who are joint and independent tortfeasors?

Question-2 Explain the doctrine of "Res Ispa Loquitor".

Question-3 What are the different kinds of driving licences in India?

Question-4 What are the rights of consumers under the Consumer Protection Act. 2019?

Question-5 Discuss in detail the concept of caveat emptor.

Question-6 Explain Damnum Sine Injuria with the help of relevant cases.

Question-7 Distinguish between public and private nuisance.

Question-8 Explain the Pigeonhole Theory of Torts.

Question-9 Discuss concept of "No fault liability"?Explain its applicability to Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Act, 2019.

Question-10 How is compensation decided in motor accident claims? Explain.

Long Answer Type Question

(15 Marks)

Question-1 Define Tort. What are the essential elements of Tort? How is Tort differ from crime and a breach of contract or breach of trust?

Question-2 Explain defamation. What are the essential elements of tort of defamation? Discuss the various types of defamation.

Question-3 Discuss the concept of strict liability with special reference to the case of Reylands vs Fletcher.

Question-4 What are the various provision regarding consumer dispute redressal agencies under the Consumet Protection Act, 2019? Explain in detail the composition, jurisdiction and powers.

Question-5 Explain the law of tresspass as is discussed in law of tort.

Question-6 How are provisions related to negligence dealt in law of torts? Explain with the emphasis on contributory negligence.

Question-7 Explain the maxim "Volenti Non Fit Injuria", Discuss the defence available to this maxim.