SYLLABUS

Unit 1: Fundamental Rights - General: Scheme of Fundamental Rights,

1. Who can Claim Fundamental Rights: Against whom Fundamental Rights are Available? Suspension of Fundamental Rights.

2. State under Article 12 

3. Doctrines: Severability, Eclipse, Waiver 

Unit 2: Fundamental Rights

(a) Right to Equality (Articles 14 to 18)

(b) Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression (Article 19(1)(a))

(c) Right to Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21)

(d) Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25 to 28)

(e) Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

(f) Right to education: Free education up to 14 years of age- Freedom of Education Act

Unit 3: DPSP and FR

1. Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV): Their Importance and Relationship with Fundamental Rights.

2. Fundamental Duties (Part IV A)

Unit 4: Amendment of the Constitution

1. Power and Procedure; 

2. Basic Structure Doctrine 

3. Judicial Review

Unit 5: Other Principles:

1. Constitutionalism 

2. Constitutional Morality 

3. Social Justice 

4. Doctrine of Rule of Law 

5. Public Interest Litigation 

6. Free Legal Aid.

Unit 1: Indemnity and Guarantee (Sec. 124-147)

1. Nature and Definition of Contract of Indemnity: Extent of Indemnifier's Liability. 

2. Nature and Definition of Contract of Guarantee, Rights, Liabilities and Discharge of Surety. 

Unit 2: Bailment and Pledge (Sec. 148-171 and Sec. 172-181)

1. Meaning and Definition of Contract of Bailment and Difference between Bailment and Pledge 

2. Rights, and Duties of Bailor and Bailee, Pawnor/Pawnee 

3. Lien 

4. Termination of Bailment 

5. Commercial utility of pledge transactions 

Unit 3: Contract of Agency (Sec. 182 to 238)

1. Nature and Mode of Contract of Agency 

2. Modes of Termination of Agency 

3. Rights and Duties of Principal and Agent 

4. Rights and Liabilities of Undisclosed Principal 

5. Personal Liability of an Agent 

Unit 4: Contract of Partnership

1. Nature and Definition of Contract of Partnership 

2. Non-Partnership Interests 

3. Formation of Partnership and Partner by Holding Out 

4. Minor and Partnership Firm 

5. Registration of Firms and Effects of Non-Registration 

6. Dissolution of Firms 

7. Limited Liability Partnership Act 

Unit 5: Contract of Sale of Goods

1. Nature and Definition of Contract of Sale of Goods 

2. Conditions and Warranties 

3. Rule of Caveat Emptor 

4. Nemo dat quad non habet 

5. Definition and Rights of an Unpaid Seller

Unit 1: Introduction

1. Who is Muslim, Conversion, Apostasy? 

2. Sources of Muslim Law 

3. Schools and Sub Schools of Muslim Law 

Unit 2 Socio-Economic Issues and Muslim Law

1. Gender Equality 

2. Women’s Rights Halala 

3. Uniform Civil Code 

Unit 3 Marriage

Definition, Nature, Capacity, Classification, and Legal Effect of Marriage, Dower 

Unit 4 Dissolution of Marriage (Divorce)

1. Talaq, Ila, Khula, Mubarat Talaq-e-Tafweed, Lian, Faskh etc. 

2. Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939 

Unit 5 Maintenance

1. (Shah Bano Case and the Ensuing Legislation) with Special Reference to Section 144 of The Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita,2023 

2. The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act 2019 (Act No. 20 of 2019) (Triple Talaq Act) 

Unit 6 Hiba & Will

1. Hiba: Meaning and Essentials of a Valid Hiba, Kinds, Formalities, and Revocation for a Valid Hiba, Gift of Mushaa, Marz-ul-Maut 

2. Will: Meaning, essentials and capacity to make Will, a Subject matter of Will, to whom Will be made, Abatement of Legacies, Revocation of Will. 

Unit 7 Pre-emption and Inheritance

Pre-emption: Definition, Classification & Formalities Inheritance under Sunni Law, Doctrine of Aul and Radd

Unit 1: Company

1. Meaning, Kinds, Characteristics, and companies distinguished from other forms of business organizations 

2. Corporate personality and lifting the veil of corporate personality  

3. Promoter: Meaning, legal position, and liability of promoter and company for pre-incorporation contracts.  

Unit 2: Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association

Meaning, Nature and Contents and Relationship Between the two Objects Clause and Doctrine of Ultra-Vires.  

Unit 3: Share

1. Nature, Issue, Types, Allotment, Underwriting, Share Capital, Reduction of Share Capital, Transfer and Transmission of securities. Dividend: Declaration of Dividend, Management of Unpaid Dividend; Unpaid Dividend, Account, Investor Education and Protection Fund, Punishment for failure to distribute dividends. 

2. Borrowing powers and the effect of unauthorized borrowing 

3. Debenture: Kinds, Debentures Holders, Debenture Trustees, Public Deposits 

4. Hybrid Instruments: Fully Convertible Debentures, Partially Convertible Debenture. 

5. Charges and Mortgages, Registration of Charges Inter-corporate Investment  

Unit 4: Prospectus

1. Meaning, Kinds, and liability for untrue statements in the prospectus 

2. Share and share capital: Meaning, Kinds of share, and the distinction between equity and preference share. 

3. Company Meeting: Meaning and kinds with special emphasis on members' meetings. Journey of Companies Act from 1956 to 2021

Unit 1

1. Concept of Property and General Principles Relating to Transfer of Property 

2. Concept of property: the distinction between moveable and immoveable property  

3. Definition clause: Immovable property, Attestation, Notice, Actionable claim 

4. Definition of transfer of property (Sec.5) 

5. Transfer and non-transfer property (Sec.10-12) 

6. Transfer to an unborn person and rule against perpetuity (Sec.13, 14) 

7. Vested and Contingent interest (Sec.19 & 21) Rule of Election (Sec.35)   

Unit 2: General Principles Governing Transfer of Immoveable Property

Transfer by ostensible owner Rule of feeding the grant by estoppel Rule of Lis pendens Fraudulent transfer Rule of part performance Vested and contingent interest Conditional transfer  

Unit 3: Specific Transfers

1. Sale and gift  

2. Mortgage and charge  

3. Lease and License

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