SYLLABUS

Unit 1

1. Historical Growth and Development of Administrative Law (a) England, (b) USA, (c) France (d) India 

2. Nature and scope of Administrative Law 

3. Definitions of Administrative Law 

4. Functions of Administrative Law 

5. Rule of Law 

6. Separation of Powers  

Unit 2

1. Classification of Administrative actions 

a. Legislative functions 

b. Judicial functions 

c. Administrative functions 

2. Delegated legislations concept and need 

3. Forms of Delegated legislation  

4. Delegated legislation in (a) England (b) USA (c) India 

5. Constitutionality of Delegated Legislation  

6. Conditional Delegation 

7. Control over Delegated Legislation 

a. Judicial control 

b. Parliamentary control 

c. Procedure control  

Unit 3

1. Natural Justice 

2. Nature, scope, and historical development of Natural Justice   

3. Principles of Natural Justice (a) Rule against bias (b) Hear the other side (Audi Alteram Partem)   

4. Speaking orders   

5. Exclusion of Natural Justice   

6. Breaching Effect of Natural Justice 

Unit 4

1. Judicial and Other Remedies   

2. Meaning, object, and Constitutional Provisions   

3. Locus Standi, Laches, Res-Judicata   

4. Specific Remedies (Writs) 

(a) Habeas Corpus (b) Mandamus (c) Prohibition (d) Certiorari (e) Quo Warranto 

5. Constitutional Remedies   

6. Administrative Tribunals 

(a) Reasons for Growth of Administrative Tribunal 

(b) Distinction between Tribunal and Courts 

(c) Working of Tribunals 

Unit 1: General Background:

1. Problems of Environmental Pollution and Protection, Forests, Wildlife, Climate Change and Biological Diversity  

2. E-waste management, Plastic Pollution, Disaster Management and Environmental Ethics  

3. History of Indian Environmental Laws   

4. Importance and Scope of Environmental Laws   

5. International Perspective of Environmental Law   

Unit 2: Constitutional Aspects:

1. Distribution of Legislative Power   

2. Directive Principles of State Policy   

3. Fundamental Duties   

4. Fundamental Rights   

Unit 3: Legal Controls

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.   

1. Salient Features of the Acts   

2. Definitions   

3. Authorities - Composition, Power and Function   

4. Mechanism to Control the Pollution   

5. Sanctions   

6. Water Conservation and Management  

Unit 4: Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

1. Definition of 'Environment'   

2. Salient Features of the Act   

3. Authorities - Composition, Powers, Functions   

4. Mechanism to Control Environmental Pollution   

5. Sanctions   

6. Environmental Protection In India: 

a. Under Law of Tort, The Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita,2023, 

b. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita,2023  

Unit 5: Control of Noise Pollution:

1. Legal Control   

2. Judicial Control   

3. Polluter Pays Principle   

4. Precautionary Principle   

5. Public Trust Doctrine   

6. Sustainable Development 

Unit 6

International Efforts to Curb Environmental Pollution: Stockholm Conference, Earth Summit and Kyoto Protocol

Unit 1

1. Industrial Relation, Labour Problem, and Labour Policy in India Trade Union Act, 1926 (Labour Management Relation); 

2. History and Development of Trade Union Movement, Registration of Trade Union, Rights and Liabilities of Registered Trade Union, Penalties and procedure, Collective Bargaining-Process, Merit and Demerits   

Unit 2 Industrial Dispute Act, 1947

1. Scope of Industry, Workmen, Employers, 

2. Industrial Disputes, 

3. Authorities under the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947, 

4. Procedure, Power and Duties of Authorities, 

5. Reference of Disputes to Boards, Courts or Tribunals.  

Unit 3

Strike, Lock-out, Lay-off, Retrenchment and Closure Unfair Labour Practices, Penalties, Offences by Companies, etc., Industrial Employment (Standing Order) Act, 1946.    

Unit 4

1. Philosophy of Labour Welfare, Historical Development of Labour Welfare, 

2. The Factories Act, 1948: 

Interpretation competent person, Hazardous process, Manufacturing Process, Worker, Factory, Occupier, Health, Safety and Welfare, Working House of Adults, Employment of young persons, Inspectors-Appointment and Powers.

Unit 1: International Law; Nature & Definition

1. Public International Law: 

Nature & Historical Development, Relationship between International Law and International Politics 

2. Definitions of Public International Law 

3. Sources of Public International Law. 

4. Relationship and difference between Public International Law and Municipal Law 

5. Subjects of Public International Law: 

States, Individuals and international organization. 

6. Sanctions in International Law. 

7. Enforcement of International Law. 

7. Sovereignty in International Law: 

Historical development and Recent Challenges (Sovereignty as Responsibility, Subsidiary and the impact of Globalization)    

Unit 2: Succession, Intervention, Jurisdiction

1. Recognition-Definition of State Recognition, Recognition of Government, Theories of Recognition, Recognition De Jure and De Facto, The Duty to Recognize, Legal Effect of Recognition, Withdrawal of Recognition, Retroactive effect of Recognition.   

2. States Succession: Definition and Kinds of Succession, Consequences of States Succession, Succession in respect of International organization.  iii. Intervention: Definition, Grounds of Intervention, Intervention by Invitation, Prohibition on Intervention, Humanitarian Intervention, and Responsibility to Protect (R2P).  iv. Jurisdiction: Meaning, Nature, Difference between sovereignty and jurisdiction. v. State Responsibility 

Unit 3: International Organizations

1. International Organization: Historical Development, Kinds, Approaches, Legal Personality, Capacity to enter into international treaties.   

2. Relevancy of Perpetual Peace Models in the Development of International Organizations.  

3. Comparative Study of Covenant of League of Nations and UN Charter.

Unit 4: United Nations Charter

1. Establishment of UN Charter. 

2. Preamble of UN Charter. 

3. Purposes and Principles of the UN  

4. Membership: Admission, Suspension, and Expulsion, with drawl from UN Charter. 

5. Functions and powers of General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, Secretariat. 

6. Amendments to UN Charter (Art 108 and 109 of UN Charter). 

Unit 5: Dispute Settlement

1. Pacific Settlement of Disputes: Negotiation, Arbitration, Conciliation, Mediation, Good offices, Chapter VI of UN Charter, Judicial Settlements of Disputes by International Courts and Tribunals: Difference between Dispute and Situation, Difference between Permanent Court of International Justice and International Court of Justice, International Court of Justice: Composition, Jurisdiction and Basic Principles.  

2. Sanctions under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. 

3. Collective Security under the UN Charter.

Unit 1

Nature and Characteristics of:  

1. Professional Ethics  

2. Legal Profession  

Unit 2

Professional ethics and Advocacy, Standards of Professional Conduct and Etiquette, Conflict between interest and duty, Duty to court, Duty to Client, Duty to opponent, Duty to Colleagues, Duty towards Society, and obligation to render legal aid  

Unit 3 Bench-Bar Relationship

1. Reciprocity as partners in the administration of Justice Professional Misconduct  

2. Rights and Privileges of Advocates   

Unit 4

1. The Advocate Act, 1961, The Bar Council of India Rules, 1961 

2. Contempt of Court Act, 1971  

3. The Advocates Welfare Fund Act, 2001  

4. The Contempt of Courts (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2018   

5. Historical development of Contempt of Court Act in India, Object and Constitutional validity of Contempt of Court Act. Definition, Kinds of Contempt  

6. Contempt by Judges, Magistrates, Lawyers and other persons Cognizence, Procedure, Appellate provisions regarding Contempt Defences, Punishment and Remedies against punishment for Contempt of Court and Punishment for Contempt, Defences.

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