SYLLABUS

The course shall comprise of the following: 

Unit 1

(a) Introduction: Origin, History and Need of Taxation   

(b) Concept of Tax and Fee, Distinction between Tax and Fee  

(c) Canons of Taxation (Characteristics of a good tax system)  

(d) Definitions: Persons, Assesses, Tax Pays, Previous year, Assessment years, Financial year, Income, Gross Taxable Income, Taxable Income, Agricultural Income, Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance  

Unit 2

(a) Constitutional provisions relating to Taxation: Nature and Scope of Tax  

(b) Taxation and Right to equality  

(c) Taxation and Freedom of Trade, Commerce, and Intercourse  

(d) Residuary Power of Taxation Under Entry 97 of the Union List  

(e) Judicial Review of the Orders of Tax Authorities  

Unit 3

(a) Direct Taxation in India  

(b) Power to levy taxes on income  

(c) Heads of Income   

(d) Deductions, Taxable income, and Computation of Tax Liability,  

(e) Assessment Procedure and types of assessment   

(f) Agricultural income and exemption from liability  

Unit 4

(a) Concept of Indirect Taxes at a Glance: Background  

(b) Pre-GST tax structure and deficiencies; 

(c) Existing tax structure: Basic concept and overview of GST, 

(d) Models of GST: CGST, SGST, UTGST, IGST 

(e) Constitutional Framework of GST 

(f) Levy and collection of CGST and IGST  

Unit 5

(a) Distribution of Tax Revenues between centre and states  

(b) Inter-Governmental Tax Immunities in a federation  

(c) Tax evasion & Black money- Causes & effects of Tax Evasion, Tax evasion distinguished with Tax Avoidance and Tax Planning

Unit 1

1. Meaning and Nature of Contract, E- contract 

2. Offer/ Proposal: Definition, Communication, Revocation, General/Specific offer, Acceptance: Definition, Communication, Revocation, Provisional acceptance, Tenders/Auctions 

Unit 2

Consideration: Definition, Essentials, Privity of Contract, Exception under Section 25, Capacity to enter into a contract; Minor’s Position, Nature/effect of minor’s agreements 

Unit 3

1. Free Consent 

2. Coercion, Undue influence, Misrepresentation, Fraud, Mistake 

3. Unlawful consideration and object 

4. Effect of void, voidable, valid, illegal, unlawful and uncertain agreements/contracts 

5. Discharge of Contracts 

6. Performance 

7. Time and Place of performance 

8. Agreement, Contract Deed 

9. Impossibility of performance and frustration 

10. Breach: Anticipatory & Present 

Unit 4

1. Remedies: Damages, Kind of damages, Remoteness of damages etc., Injunction, Specific Performance, Quantum Meriut 

2. Quasi Contract (Section 68-72)

Unit 1

1. Outlines of Sources of Hindu Law and Schools of Hindu Law 

2. Hindu Law and Gender Equality: Women's rights and LGBTQ+ rights 

3. Marriage: Essentials of a Valid Marriage, Void and Voidable Marriage Under the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 

Unit 2

1. Maintenance under Hindu Marriage Act (Section 24-25) 

2. Maintenance Under Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 (Sections 18,19 & 20) 

3. Adoption: Essential & Effect (Section 6 to 12 of HAMA,1956) 

4. Kinds and Powers of Guardian under Hindu Minority & Guardianship Act, 1956 (Sec.6-13) 

Unit 3

Origin, Nature of joint family and coparcenary, characteristic features of coparcenary, distinction between Coparcenary and Joint Family, classification of property: obstructed and unobstructed heritage, joint family property and separate property, Karta: Powers and functions 

Unit 4

1. Law of Partition and Re-Union: Nature of Partition, Partition how Affected and Reopened, Subject Matter of Partition, Reunion 

2. Law of Succession Under Hindu Succession Act 1956 and Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005

The course shall comprise of the following: 

Unit 1

Division and constitution of UP into Revenue Areas, Powers, and Functions of Revenue Board, Commissioner, Collectors, Additional Collectors, Tehsildar, and Lekhpal.  

Unit 2

Boundary and Boundary Marks – Fixation, Demarcation, Repair and Renewal, Penalty for Damage and destruction, Settlement of boundary disputes.  

Unit 3

Maintenance and revision of Village Records-Records of Rights, Mutation Proceedings, Records and Survey Operation, Preparation of New Record of Rights.  

Unit 4

Management of Land and other Properties by Gram Panchayat, Land Management Committee, Gaon Fund, Consolidated Gaon Fund.   

Unit 5

Classes and rights of Land tenures-Bhumidhar with Transferable Rights, Bhumidhar with Non-Transferable Rights, and Asami, Declaration, bequeath, Transfer, Exchange, Lease, Mortgage, Division.  

Unit 6

Devolution-Order of Succession and Survivorship.  

Unit 7

Abandonment, Surrender, Ejectment, and Declaratory Suit and Rent.  

Unit 8

Revenue Courts – Jurisdiction and Procedure, First Appeal, Second Appeal, Board’s Power of Review.  

Unit 9

Salient features of the UP Consolidation of Land Holdings Act 1953.  

Unit 10

Salient feature of the UP Panchayati Raj Act, 1947.

The course shall comprise of the following:  

Unit 1

Introduction to Trademarks: Need and Emergence of Trade Marks Law, Definition and concept of trademarks, Kinds of Trade Mark, International Legal Instruments on TradeMarks. 

Unit 2 

Indian Trademark Law: The Register and Conditions for Registration, Procedure for and Duration of Registration, Effect of Registration, Passing-Off and Infringement of TradeMark, The doctrine of honest Current User, The doctrine of deceptive similarity. 

Unit 3 

Assignment and Transmission: Use of Trade Marks and Registered Users, Protection of well-known marks, Appellate Board, Offences, Penalties and Procedure, Domain names and Effects of New Technology (Internet). 

Unit 4 

An Overview of the Design Act, 2000

The course shall comprise of the following:   

Unit 1- Development of International Organisations:

1. Development of International Organisations in Historical Perspective; Establishment of International Organisations: Rationale; Concept and Nature of International Organizations; 

2. Progress of Mankind Towards International Organization; Individual Visions and Organized Peace Movement; Critical Approaches to IOs: TWAIL, feminist perspective and Marxist perspective. 

Unit 2- Concepts, Powers, and Responsibility: 

Definition, Classification of International Organisations, Legal Personality, Powers- express, implied and inherent, Responsibility, Immunities, and Privileges. 

Unit 3- International Organisations and Formation of International Law: IOs and the making of treaties, IOs and creation of customary international law Unit 4- United Nations:   

Institutional Structure and Functions: International Structure of the UN, UN reforms, Functions- regulation of the use of force and international peace and security (UNGA, UNSC)  

Unit 5- A Comparative View of the League Covenant and the U.N. Charter

Unit 6- The United Nations: Genesis and Creation

Purposes and Principles, Membership, Legal Capacity, Privileges and Immunities, Composition, Powers and Functions, Achievements of the United Nations;   

Unit 7- Review and Revision of the Charter

Unit 8- Specialized Agencies:

Concept, Relationship with UN, UNESCO, ILO, WTO  

Unit 9- International Judicial Institutions:   

International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court  

Unit 10- Regional Organizations

The course comprises the following:  

Unit 1  

Conceptual Background: Right to know, Open Government and Transparency in Governance 

Unit 2: Privilege to withhold disclosure of Documents/Information:  

Comparative analysis of Laws in other Common Law - countries with special reference to 

1. England 

2. U.S.A.  

Unit 3: Privilege to withhold documents and the law in India - with special reference to:  

1. Indian Evidence Act, 1872 

2. Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 

3. The Official Secret Act, 1923 

4. The Atomic Energy Act, 1962 

5. The RIGHT TO INFORMATION (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2019  

Unit 4  

1. Right to Information and Legislative Measures in India 

2. Efforts/attempts made to legislate the Right to Information (Amendment) Act, 2019 

Unit 5: Right to Information (Amendment)Act, 2019  

1. Right to information and Obligation of Public Authorities  

(a) Designation of Public Information Officer 

(b) Request for obtaining information 

(c) Disposal of request 

(d) Third Party Information  

2. The State Information Commission: Constitution, Powers and Function 

3. The Central Information Commission: Constitution, Powers and Function 

4. Appeal and Penalties  

Unit 6: Right to-Information and Judiciary: 

1. Supreme Court on Right to Information, 

2. Electoral reforms, privilege, and immunities of journalists involved in legal reporting

The course shall comprise of the following:   

Unit 1

1. Concept of Copyright a kind of Intellectual Property 

2. Nature, Origin, and Development of Copyright  

Unit 2

Role of International Institutions: International Conventions/ Treaties on Copyright  

1. Berne Convention   

2. Universal Copyright Convention, Rome Convention  

Unit 3

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and Copyright  

Unit 4

Meaning of copyright  

1. Copyright in literary, dramatic, and musical works  

2. Copyright in sound records and cinematograph films  

3. Copyright in a computer program 

Unit 5

1. Registration of Copyright and Term of Copyright 

2. Ownership of copyright, Assignments and Licensing   

Unit 6

1. Author's special rights 

2. Neighbouring Rights  

Unit 7

Copyright Office and Copyright Board, Collective Administration of Copyright-Copyright Societies. 

Unit 8

Infringements and Remedies - Contractual, Civil, Criminal, and Administrative (Remedies, especially, the possibility of Anton pillar injunctive relief in India.)

The course shall consist of the following:   

Unit 1

Meaning of Investment and Securities.   

Unit 2

Legal Regulations of Investment in Securities - Shares and Debentures of a Company:   

1. Private Company   

2. Public Company   

3. Other Companies   

Unit 3

Legal Regulations of Investment in Securities Listed at Stock Exchange:   

1. General Knowledge of the Stock Exchange   

2. Procedure for Buying / Selling Corporate Securities through Stock Exchange 

3. Role and Functions of the Securities Exchange Board of India.   

Unit 4

1. Legal Regulations of Portfolio Investment in Corporate Securities 

2. Legal Regulations of Investment through Mutual Funds 

3. Legal Regulations of Fixed Deposits with Companies and Rights of Depositors   

Unit 5

1. Legal Regulations of Investment through Life Insurance Schemes, Unit-Linked Insurance Plan, Public Provident Fund, National Saving Schemes, Units, Post-Office Scheme, Deposits in Bank and Other Schemes in the Form of Bonds. 

2. Legal Regulations of Foreign Investment in Indian Securities and Indian Investments in Foreign Securities;   

Unit 6

Law Relating to the Protection of Investors   

1. Pre-Investment   

2. Post-Investment

Unit 1. Trust

1. Concept of trust  

2. Nature And Definition of Trust  

3. Distinction between agency and contract  

4. Kinds Of Trusts   

5. Constructive Trust  

6. Creations Of Trusts  

7. Charitable Trusts and their Distinction with Private Trusts  

8. Public trust doctrine  

9. Rights, Duties, Powers, And Liabilities of Trustees    

10. Rights And Liabilities of Beneficiaries  

11. Extinction Of Trust    

Unit 2. Equity

1. Origin And Growth of Equity   

2. Fusion Of Common Law and Equity Jurisdiction  

3. Position Of Equity Under the Indian Legal System   

4. Doctrine of Equity  

5. Election, Mortgage once a mortgage always a mortgage.  

6. Clog on redemption, Foreclosure  

7. Maxims Of Equity:  

• Equity Will Not Suffer Harm to Be Without Remedy 

• Equity Follows the Law 

• Where Equities Are Equal the Law Shall Prevail 

• Where Equities Are Equal the First in Time Shall Prevail 

• He Who Seeks Equity Must Do Equity 

• He Who Comes to Equity Must Come with Clean Hands 

• Delay Defeats Equity 

• Equality Is Equity 

• Equity Looks to The Intent Rather Than to Form 

• Equity Acts in Personam

Unit–1

1. Income Tax Act Basic concepts of charges of tax  

2. Definitions  

3. Residential status of assesses–its impact on tax liability  

Unit–2

1. General concepts  

2. Chargeability to tax-admissible & inadmissible deductions, exclusions and deductions from income  

3. Set off and carry forward of losses.  

4. Salaries  

5. Income from House Property  

6. Income from Profits of Profession and business  

7. Capital Gains  

8. Income from other sources  

9. Clubbing of income  

Unit-3

1. Powers & functions  

2. Assessment  

3. Allotment of permanent account number  

4. Economic criteria scheme.  

Unit–4

1. Appeal  

2. Revision  

3. Reference  

4. Rectification 

Unit–5

1. Prosecutions under Income Tax Act, 1961  

2. Non-compliance  

3. Contravention  

4. Avoidance  

5. Evasion of tax  

6. Penalties

Unit 1

Introduction, Meaning of Insurance, Historical Aspect, Characteristic of Insurance, Nature of Insurance Contract  

Unit 2

Theory of Cooperation, Theory of Probability, Principles of Insurance, Utmost Good Faith, Insurance Interest   

Unit 3

1. Re-Insurance, Double Insurance, Insurance & Wages, 

2. Types of Insurance: 

a. Life Insurance 

b. Marine Insurance 

c. Fire Insurance & 

d. Miscellaneous Insurance 

Unit 4

1. Indemnity, Subrogation, Causa Proxima, Mitigation of Loss, Attachment of Risk, Contribution 

2. Constitution, Function, and Powers of Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority 

3. Application of Consumer Protection Act, 1986

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